DIY: Freudian Dream Interpretation

Last night I dreamt that my mother was locked in the closet in the dorms. It was one of the most bizarre dreams I’ve ever had, especially since I no longer live in a college dorm and even when I did, the closets had no locks. So where did this visual come from?

If the revolutionary Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud were alive today, he might tell me that my dream was a disguised fulfillment of a repressed wish. In fact, his whole theory was based on the belief that every action and thought is motivated by your subconscious at some level. One of the ways the subconscious can express itself is through dreams. But because the content of the subconscious realm may be extremely disturbing or even psychologically harmful, it must be expressed in symbolic form. According to Freud, exploring these hidden emotions through analysis could help cure mental illnesses. Therefore, dreams were a highly valuable aid to his psycho-analytic technique.

Freud utilized a technique called “free association” to chip through the seemingly bizarre and nonsensical content of the dream to reveal the underlying significance, or latent content of the dream. In utilizing this technique, the dreamer follows the exercise of object/symbol association, recalling thoughts or feelings that arise when presented with a certain object/symbol, thus allowing an analyst to provide a translation based on the context that is developed.

So I proceeded to use one of the many dream dictionaries available online and found out that my dream might represent a need for more emotional or mental security, physical boundaries, or privacy. I don’t know about that, since Freud was particularly preoccupied with sexual content in dreams. However, most therapists today have a much looser view of Freud’s theory of dream interpretation, accepting that dreams may express subconscious thoughts, although not necessarily those of childhood conflicts. So perhaps what my mother did (or didn’t do) in my childhood was not the root cause of my dream. Research into the chemistry of the brain has shown that emotional problems could have biological or chemical roots, as well as environmental ones. However, it can also be argued that technology like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) might actually lend new weight to Freud's ideas because they reveal that the parts of the brain that are most active during dreaming control emotion, which is the core of Freud's dream theory.

Yet the most interesting fact remains that the use of a common symbolism in dreams seems to extend beyond the use of a common language. There are a bunch of common symbols in dreams, such as being chased, falling, flying, losing an item, having an exam, being late, death, disaster etc. So you might be having dreams with guiding themes to the Aborigines that I described in my first post! All you need to do to obtain further insight into your unconscious psychical life is to start writing down your dreams, grab hold of a reliable dreamdictionary, and you can do some dream interpretation yourself!

Oh My God! I’m Dreaming!

Have you ever experienced super powers? Fallen down a great height and then suddenly discovered yourself flying? This is in fact possible with lucid dreaming — the ability to become conscious mid-dream and thus, control your dream world. It is the most surreal feeling ever. And I recently became obsessed with lucid dreams after I had my first one shortly after I subjected myself to a mini experiment.

I got the inspiration for the experiment from an article on Slate Magazine about how to turn a “night owl” into a morning person. Perfect! I thought. This could potentially be the solution to my continual tardiness in attending 8am classes taught by professors with monotone voices that just didn’t seem worth the effort. So I started by forcing myself to take a 20-minute walk in the morning as soon as I woke up so that the bright sunlight could activate the part of my hypothalamus that regulates circadian rhythms. At night I would do the opposite: avoid bright light before bedtime. But since my dorm room lights didn’t come with fancy dimmer switches, I would always be found wearing sunglasses after 7pm. Then I progressed to the next stage: popping melatonin pills every night that would enhance the effect of the natural hormone, making me drowsy faster. It was soon after this that I started having much more vivid dreams at night.

However, since melatonin only amplifies normal sleep patterns, I would wake up at night sometimes after completing a REM cycle and then go back to sleep and start dreaming again. Without realizing it, I was using a method that is commonly used to induce lucid dreaming, called Wake Then Back To Bed (WBTB). As a result, when I would go to sleep after being disturbed in the middle of the night, I would almost immediately recognize that what I was experiencing was actually part of a dream!

This led me to do some research about lucid dreaming, which is quickly becoming a hot topic in neuroscience and cognitive psychology because it promises to isolate one of the hardest-to-pin-down objects of all time: consciousness itself. I found that not only have scientists demonstrated that it is possible to be self-aware in the REM sleep state (Stanford, Hearne, Ogilvie, etc.) but even new EEG technology has found a unique brain signature in support of this research: a 40Hz spike in brain activity in the frontal lobe during lucid dreams.

What makes this 40Hz finding so intriguing is that it has previously been correlated with waking consciousness — as well as meditation and hypnosis. Waking consciousness is not just one state, either, but continuously shifts around between linguistic and emotional thinking, day dreaming, focused attention, and creative mental states that are almost dream-like in their own right. Therefore, the implications of further studying and analyzing lucid dreams are not only philosophical but also address psychiatry’s aims to heal mental illness, overcome fears and enhance your abilities. 

I, for one, highly recommend trying out lucid dreaming. You don’t even know the half of it till you experience it!

Want to learn more before you have a go at it? Check out some of my recommended readings and techniques for lucid dreaming.

Inception: Fact or Fiction?

When I first saw the movie Inception, it blew my mind away. It had a fantastical, seemingly out-of-this-world premise — the idea that someone could penetrate another's subconscious to extract information or plant an idea. Once I watched it, it was the only thing I talked about for at least the next week, and being the science junkie that I am, I was intrigued to find out more about the possibilities that can be accomplished by dreaming.

Parts of the movie — basically a heist film in which a team of operatives must plant an idea in a businessman's mind — are obvious Hollywood fiction. People enter and control others' dreams, drugs induce REM sleep, people become addicted to dreams and can't separate them from reality. But other parts are more real than you might think. In a radio podcast by The Takeaway, movie critic, Rafer Guzman, and dream scientist, Robert Hoss, try to shed some light on this subject. They explain that influencing another person’s dream actually is somewhat possible, although not in the sense shown in the movie.  Psychological studies carried out by Ullman and Krippner in the ’60s, showed that a person in a distant room could telepathically attempt to influence a subject to dream about a specific target (art print). The results of the experiment were surprisingly statistically significant. But it was conducted in a controlled scientific setting where participants had mutually agreed to attempt to do this rather than just invading someone else’s dream as shown in Inception.

The second, perhaps more interesting concept, is what psychologists call “lucid dreaming” — the ability to become conscious mid-dream and thus, control your dream world. This is a kind of virtual reality where you are present in real life but there is also a second layer of reality in which you are dreaming, although the movie also has levels 3,4,5 (and 6 if you consider yourself sitting in the theater).

Scientific studies, some more reliable than others have indeed suggested that you can control the narrative of your dream once you become aware of your dream state. Some people are even able to share dreams, or engage in the same subconscious experience! But that is a topic to be explored in a whole other blog post.

Another thing that director Christopher Nolan nailed in Inception was the disappearance of "position sense" in dreams. This is a well known characteristic of REM sleep, and allows us to go anywhere in space and time — one reason 99 percent of people fly in their dreams. It is for the same reason that it is not uncommon for people to dream themselves inside another dream. 

So did DiCaprio’s character finally come out of the dream in the end of the movie? Or was he still dreaming? Confused? Check out 6 possible explanations here.

Dreaming of Tetris

“Human beings spend on average one third of our lives asleep.”

That is one statistic that most of us have come across at some point or another. But most of us have never given a whole lot of thought to why we need to sleep. What really happens inside our brains while we’re sleeping that causes us to dream?
 

Let me be frank. Scientists don’t really have a clue. The science behind dreaming is about as complex as the brain itself. Having said that, neurobiologists and psychologists do have some theories on dreaming. Here are some of the more popular ones:

• Helps restore our body and mind
• Helps with learning and memory
• Allows us some time to explore new and unusual areas of ourselves
• Helps to resolve conflicts that occur during the day
• Allows us contextualize emotions experienced during waking
• Helps practice dealing with threats.

So while it may seem like your friend who falls asleep during a class lecture is completely unconscious and inactive, some of their brain functions may be more active than when they’re awake. 

 

The interactive sleep lab set up by Harvard helps understand some of these aspects of sleep using examples of healthy sleep patterns in people of various ages. For example, different stages of sleep may be pertinent to different types of learning. Studies by Robert Stickgold of Harvard Medical School show that subjects who had slept for six hours or more after learning a new task, such as spotting a visual target on a screen as quickly as possible, improved, whereas those who didn’t sleep on it didn’t improve. Moreover, it was found that those who improved the most slept for eight hours, with ample time for both slow-wave and rapid eye movement (REM) periods of sleep.

Another very interesting study, also carried out by Stickgold, had subjects play the computer game Tetris, which requires directing falling blocks into the correct positions as they reach the bottom of the screen. At night, the subjects who were amnesiacs didn’t remember playing the game. But, they did describe seeing falling, rotating blocks during hypnagogic sleep, the transitional state between wakefulness and sleep.

What these studies demonstrate, is that when the brain puts dreams together, it does it without knowledge of and access to memories of actual events in our life. Yet dreams often serve the purpose of making important emotional connections among new pieces of information. So it is no wonder that our dreams can be wildly illogical even if they are related to something we already experienced! 

The Importance of Dreaming

What do Joan of Arc, Mark Twain, Harriet Tubman, and Winston Churchill have in common? They were all influenced by their dreams. Dreaming is vital to the human story. It is essential to our survival, creative processes, and, quite simply, to getting us through our everyday lives. Throughout history people tried to understand the importance of dreams. Dreams have been described by biologists as the neural processes that allow consolidation of memories and by psychologists as reflections of the human subconscious.

Many cultures and religions contain beliefs regarding the ability to receive divine messages through dreams. In fact, some people believe dreams to be a realm beyond the physical that is the precinct of true imagination, discoveries and innovation, even the origin of creation. Indigenous people, such as the Aborigines of Australia, call this the Dreamtime. This state permeates song, dance, storytelling, paintings, and artifact making etc. To them dreamers are travelers between both worlds, analyzing their environment and bringing wise solutions to problems, spiritual knowledge as well as creativity to the physical world.

In modern urban societies, few people have regular sleep patterns like most humans did for almost all of our evolution. The introduction of artificial lighting has disturbed our natural circadian rhythms and cheated us of our dreams and fantasies. Yet new research shows that even though we may not be aware of our dreams as often, we are dreaming at night nonetheless. The new science of dreaming suggests the following:

• Almost everyone dreams, every night ― even those who have suffered massive brain injury.
• Humans who have modern sleep patterns have an average of six dream sequences per night, whether or not they remember them.
• Dreaming does not only occur in the rapid-eye-movement (REM) state of sleep as believed previously but occurs throughout the night in some form or the other.
• Dream deprivation leads to "psychological disturbances such as anxiety, irritability, and difficulty in concentrating."¹

The question then arises that if we realize that dreaming is such a necessity and helps to recharge the mind and body, why do we remain out of touch with this wonderful ability? We are already at some risk of caging our imagination and our body's own healing powers due to consumerism and virtual media. What will happen to modern society if we slowly silence our dreamers?